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class="NyNewsdetail_con"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">1 定義</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> pH是從操作上定義的。對(duì)于溶液X，測(cè)出伽伐尼電池 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> 參比</span></span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">電極</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">｜KCl濃溶液｜溶液x｜H</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">2</span></span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">｜P</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">t</span></span></sub> </p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> 的電動(dòng)勢(shì)Ex。將未知pH ( X)的溶液X換成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)pH溶液S，同樣測(cè)出電池的電動(dòng)勢(shì)E</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">S</span></span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">，則 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> pH(X)=pH(S)+(Es -Ex)F/(RT1n10) </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> 因此，所定義的pH是無量綱的量。 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> pH沒有理論上的意義，其定義為一種實(shí)用定義。但是在物質(zhì)的量濃度小于0.1mo1 dm</span></span><sup><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">3</span></span></sup><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">的稀薄水溶液有限范圍，既非強(qiáng)酸性又非強(qiáng)堿性(2<pH<12)時(shí)，則根據(jù)定義，有: </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> pH=-log</span></span><sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">10</span></span></sub><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> [c (H) y/ (mol·dm</span></span><sup><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> 3</span></span></sup><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> )]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">±</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">0.02 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> 式中，c (H)代表氫離子H的物質(zhì)的量濃度，</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:微軟雅黑">y</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">代表溶液中典型1一1價(jià)電解質(zhì)的活度系數(shù)。 </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">2 原理</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體"> pH值由測(cè)量電池的電動(dòng)勢(shì)而得。該電池通常由飽和甘汞</span></span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">電極</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">為參比電極，</span></span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">玻璃電極</span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">為指示電極所組成。在25</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">℃，</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5000pt"><span style="font-family:宋體">溶液中每變化1個(gè)pH單位，電位差改變?yōu)?9.16 mV，據(jù)此在儀器（<strong>PH儀表</strong>）上直接以pH的讀數(shù)表示。溫度差異在儀器上有補(bǔ)償裝置。 </span></span></p> </div> <div id="tq6ztn8r" class="ly_PrevNext"> <ul> <li>上一篇：<a href="/szhcy-Article-2065342/">化學(xué)需氧量（CODcr）水質(zhì)在線自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)儀的儀器類型</a></li> <li>下一篇：<a href="/szhcy-Article-2062752/">化學(xué)需氧量（CODcr ）水質(zhì)在線自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)儀適用范圍</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>   <div id="tq6ztn8r" class="foot_box"> <div id="tq6ztn8r" class="foot_t"> <div id="tq6ztn8r" class="w1200"> <a href="/">網(wǎng)站首頁</a>　|　<a href="/aboutus.html">關(guān)于我們</a>　|　<a href="/products.html">產(chǎn)品中心</a>　|　<a 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